Mountain of Arfak
West Irian Jaya Manokwari
BEING in the mountainous region of western head cassowary
birds of New Guinea. Vast stretches of tropical forest cover, lay meet the
Lower Mainland to the tops of towering mountains. Make it like a giant tall
stocky and long dark green robe standing on the coast of the Gulf of Paradise
exquisite. This is the picture of the surrounding area Arfak mountains that are
now included in the district of West Irian Jaya Manokwari (PB).
This region has been the home as well as
"paradise" for a series of unique species of flora and fauna of the
island's inhabitants. Expanse of tropical forest vegetation in this region has
been a provider of palace life for at least four tribal 12,000 people who live
here yakn; Hatam, Meyakh, Sough and Moley. The distance to this area about 35
km from the city of Manokwari. When we walk it will takes 2 day trip. But it
can be reached by four wheeldrive or motorcycle
a bit complicated. Or from east to penetrate Oransbari District.
The trip to this area would be more impressive when using
small-bodied aircraft Twin Otter, with a travel time of 25 minutes from the
airport Rendani Manokwari. From the sky will appear a row of hills, steep
slopes hills, valleys and rivers winding decorated green jungle. Arfak mountain region spans
68325.00 hectares at coordinates 133 ° 460 '- 134 ° 150' E, 1 ° 00 '- 1 ° 30'
S. It has a height of 15 meters to 2,940 meters above sea level (asl).
In areas above 1000 meters altitude, generally cold air
temperature. In fact, very cold up in the bone-chilling night at 2000 meters
altitude region. Based on the classification of altitude, Arfak Mountains
region has a diverse representation of ecosystem types are divided into three
main types of forest ecosystems namely; lowland rain forests (lowland forest)
which has a height of less than 300 meters, the foot of the mountain rain
forests (foothill forest) 300-1000 meters altitude rain forest and mountain
slopes (lower montane forest) altitude of 1000-2800 meters.
Ekosismen zone difference it makes Arfak Mountains region
rich in biodiversity value. Results expeditions over the years to find there
are thousands of species of plants, 110 species of mammals have been recorded
44 species, 320 species of birds (Aves), 5 of which are endemic species in the
region until Tambrauw Arfak mountains. For example, of Paradise Arfak (Astrapia
nigra), Parotia west (Parotia sefilata) and birds Namdur plain (Amblyornis
inornatus) which by Arfak Moley Mbrecew birds or bird called smart.
This type of whistling bird can mimic a variety of sound and
able to make a nest of leaves, stems orchid forest or dry grass and then put it
on the tree or the ground. For experts and researchers insect butterfly, Arfak
Mountains region is known as a habitat for various species of butterflies are
now coveted by collectors internationally butterfly. Call it the butterfly
wing-bird (Ornithoptera arfakensis, O. rohchildi) which is one of the species
of interest to researchers when visiting the region.
Because of demand, the existence of the butterfly type it
started endangered. The researchers and the local community has anticipated
through breeding efforts butterfly that in some places, one in Kampung Iray
around the lake Cindy. Arfak Mountains region is also a habitat for species
Arwob (Dodonia fiscosa), wood Masohi and thousands of other plant species. The
survey results the World Food Programme (FAO) in 2005 found there are 2,770
species of orchids live here. One striking is the orchid Flame of Irian (Mucuna
novaeguinea) typical rosy colored black.
This orchid species is an endangered species in the world,
only to be found in Arfak Mountains region of Papua. Beragamannya wild
vegetation makes this region rich in medicinal plants that could be developed
to menyebuhkan disease. Arfak society itself does have the traditional
knowledge of ethno-medicine in the use of certain plant species as a healer of
disease or become ingredients in traditional rituals.
What is clear, Arfak Mountains region is very alluring. With
such characteristics, the Government of Indonesia in 1992 have already set into
a nature reserve area (CA) Arfak mountains through a decision of the Minister
of Forestry No. 783 / Kpts-II / 1992 dated 11 August 1992. In that decision
stipulated that this region spans an area of 68325.00 hectares. District
covers 8 areas such as; Menyambouw, Membey, Hingk, Land Rubuh, Warmare, South
Manokwari, Ransiki and Oransbari.
Wide area coverage, making the researchers so far have not
been able to assess the overall potential biological diversity (biodiversity)
are stored in this region. Researchers continue to compete find any species of
flora and fauna that is totally new in biology, botany and taxonomy. Not
surprisingly, CA area Arfak mountains into one place in the western part of the
island of New Guinea is still a mystery to store various endangered species, in
addition to Mamberamo Foja Mountains region. The diversity of the research
object in this area also attracted ecologists and geologists.
A researcher of insects and butterflies from the
Netherlands, Henk Van Mastrigt, who has decades of researching in a number of
places in Papua never said that the CA region Arfak mountains like a
"natural laboratory" that is valuable to science. Here is a paradise for
thousands of species of flora and fauna, to the legend of the origin of fish
Houn (a kind of eel). That said, the fish Houn told by the people living in the
two lakes Arfak named Cindy Giji and Cindy Gita at an altitude of 2000 meters.
Exoticism CA Arfak Mountains region also supported object
natural caves depth of 2,000 meters which formed thousands or even millions of
years ago. Some of them are considered as the world's longest natural cave and
of course the mystery of life in it. The potential advantages of natural
shelter from which the traditional social and cultural life Arfak, the truth is
forming its own allure. Custom house centipede and snake dance attractions
Arfak so far still the main attraction for lovers of cultural tourism Papuans.
Well, actually elegance of this region has been admired
since the first by the missionaries of Europe, America and Australia after the
death of the first two German missionaries CW, Ottow and JG Geissler. Even long
before the first two missionaries set foot, Arfak Mountains region had already
become a first biological collections on the island of New Guinea who developed
several European researchers such as, Lesson, Beccari and Albertis circa
1824-827 and 1872-1875.
When the region of western New Guinea dominated the Dutch-Netherlands
New Guinea, Arfak Mountains region remains one of the areas of scientific
expeditions researchers from various countries. As a result, it continues until
now. Because elegance CA Arfak Mountains region still seize the curiosity of
researchers. But unfortunately, the threat of erosion exoticism this region
still exist. Development activities and discourse of regional divisions that do
not pay attention to environmental protection has become the toughest challenge
facing.
In fact, Manokwari District Government and the Provincial
Government of West Irian Jaya (PB) should ensure that the status and function
of the area CA Arfak mountains as a conservation area, following the expansion
plan and Manokwari regency Arfak Mountains South. "More importantly, how
to maintain the function of this region and its authenticity can be
maintained," said Mujianto, executive director of the Institute for
Community Development and Natural Resource Conservation (Shrubs). He said that
this guarantee is important because of concern widening city and infrastructure
development will be directed to this area.
The influx of investment into forests due to changes in the
development paradigm and the erosion of indigenous wisdom, can create a storage
area of endemic species disappeared. Mujianto asserted, accelerating
expansion of Bird's Head region of Papua island, especially Manokwari more
potentially threatening the conservation area and create a native of urgency.
Making the ring road, accelerating the expansion and the expansion of oil palm
land, would be a real example that position CA Arfak mountains strategic value
for the development of our local economy.
On the other hand, this region is still the main source of
life and inspiration for great tribal Arfak. Those who live around this area
are generally able to live by exploiting the potential of traditional forest.
When the regional divisions 'stubborn' performed followed exploitation in the
name of the region, it is not impossible region admired CA Arfak mountains will
slowly eroded. Therefore, the importance of sustainability of a keyword.
(Julian Howay)
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